Comet ISON sweeps near sun, shows signs of life
At 10:51 a.m. ET on Thursday, November 28, Comet ISON had moved quite close to the sun. Experts initially said the close encounter evaporated the comet, but further review indicates the comet survived.
Comet ISON's position is seen near the sun at 9:30 a.m. ET on November 28. This composite image comes from NASA and the European Space Agency.
Comet ISON's position is seen near the sun at 9:30 a.m. ET on November 28. This composite image comes from NASA and the European Space Agency.
Comet ISON is seen early on Wednesday, November 27. In this picture, called a coronagraph, the bright light of the sun is blocked so the structures around it are visible.
Comet ISON is seen early on Wednesday, November 27. In this picture, called a coronagraph, the bright light of the sun is blocked so the structures around it are visible.
Comet ISON shines brightly on the morning of November 19. The comet was discovered by Russian astronomers Vitali Nevski and Artyom Novichonok in September 2012. It was named after their night-sky survey program, the International Scientific Optical Network.
Comet ISON shines brightly on the morning of November 19. The comet was discovered by Russian astronomers Vitali Nevski and Artyom Novichonok in September 2012. It was named after their night-sky survey program, the International Scientific Optical Network.
Comet ISON, with Comet Encke ahead, is pictured along with Mercury and Earth in this image taken by NASA's solar-observing STEREO spacecraft on Friday, November 22.
Comet ISON, with Comet Encke ahead, is pictured along with Mercury and Earth in this image taken by NASA's solar-observing STEREO spacecraft on Friday, November 22.
Comet ISON is seen through blue and red filters on November 2.
Comet ISON is seen through blue and red filters on November 2.
A series of photos shows how Comet ISON changed its appearance as it approached the sun.
A series of photos shows how Comet ISON changed its appearance as it approached the sun.
Comet ISON, which was brightening as it approached the sun, is shown here on October 25.
Comet ISON, which was brightening as it approached the sun, is shown here on October 25.
Despite the very bright full moon on October 20, Comet ISON was showing a long tail.
Despite the very bright full moon on October 20, Comet ISON was showing a long tail.
Color filters help create this vivid image of Comet ISON, captured by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope on April 30.
Color filters help create this vivid image of Comet ISON, captured by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope on April 30.
The Hubble Space Telescope took this picture of Comet ISON on April 10, when the comet was slightly closer than Jupiter's orbit, or about 386 million miles from the sun.
The Hubble Space Telescope took this picture of Comet ISON on April 10, when the comet was slightly closer than Jupiter's orbit, or about 386 million miles from the sun.
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STORY HIGHLIGHTS
- Comet ISON -- or at least part of it -- may have survived, experts say
- Earlier reports indicated ISON disintegrated
- The fate of the comet remains uncertain
- It was making its closest approach to sun
Karl Battams, a comet scientist for the Naval Research Laboratory, said it is believed some parts of ISON's nucleus survived perihelion.
"It now looks like some chunk of ISON's nucleus has indeed made it through the solar corona, and re-emerged," he said. "It's throwing off dust and (probably) gas, but we don't know how long it can sustain that."
However, he said, it's fate is uncertain.
"Now it has emerged and started to brighten, we need to observe it for a few days to get a feel for its behavior," Battams said.
ISON swept about 730,000 miles over the sun's surface Thursday about 2 p.m. ET.
A fleet of spacecraft watched ISON plunge toward the sun, including NASA's STEREO satellite, the European Space Agency/NASA SOHO spacecraft and the Solar Dynamics Observatory.
Comets are giant snowballs of frozen gases, rock and dust that can be several miles in diameter. When they get near the sun, they warm up and spew some of the gas and dirt, creating tails that can stretch for thousands of miles.
Most comets are in the outer part of our solar system. When they get close enough for us to see, scientists study them for clues about how our solar system formed.
Astronomers Vitali Nevski and Artyom Novichonok discovered ISON last year using a telescope near Kislovodsk, Russia.
ISON -- officially named C/2012 S1 -- was 585 million miles away at the time. Its amazing journey through the solar system had been chronicled by amateur astronomers and by space telescopes.
"From the beginning, ISON has confused, surprised and amazed us, and in hindsight its latest little escapade really should not shock us," Battams said. "Nonetheless, this has been one of the most extraordinary comets we have ever encountered, and just goes to reiterated how beautiful, dynamic and exciting our universe is."
Observers have been watching the comet for more than a year, hoping it would survive its sunbath and emerge to put on a sky show, visible to the naked eye in the Northern Hemisphere. It's fate now is uncertain.
Earlier Thursday, NASA scientists had pretty much declared ISON dead at the end of a Google Hangout to watch the comet swing by the sun. But professional and amateur astronomers were undeterred by the reports and kept analyzing NASA satellites. They found images that clearly show something emerging from the sun.
"What we see here is the dust tail emerging first, pointing away from the sun," said Padma Yanamandra-Fisher with the Space Science Institute and a member of the ISON Observing Campaign.
A video made by observing campaign member John Maclean shows the comet slicing toward the sun and then something -- apparently ISON -- emerging from the other side. Maclean is a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society at Norman Lockyer Observatory Sidmouth in Devon, England.
The discovery stunned many in the comet-watching community and led some to nickname ISON the zombie comet.
Others repeated an old joke about comets and cats.
"Comets are like cats; they have tails, and they do precisely what they want," David H. Levy said.
This comet also seems to have something else in common with cats -- nine lives.
